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    {"id":10966,"date":"2018-09-13T08:45:59","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T03:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nepalisansar.com\/?p=10966"},"modified":"2018-11-12T17:24:03","modified_gmt":"2018-11-12T11:54:03","slug":"nepal-research-centre-uses-comprehensive-database-to-crackdown-tiger-poaching","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nepalisansar.com\/news\/nepal-research-centre-uses-comprehensive-database-to-crackdown-tiger-poaching\/","title":{"rendered":"Nepal Research Centre Uses Comprehensive Database to Crackdown Tiger Poaching"},"content":{"rendered":"

    In a new breakthrough for police investigations on tiger-killings, Nepal Centre for Molecular Dynamics (CMDN) has come up with a comprehensive database.<\/p>\n

    The Story Behind:<\/strong>
    \nIn December 2015, when Nepal\u2019s Central Investigation Bureau (CBI) was conducting its investigation, it sensed that something was fishy concerning the country\u2019s tigers.<\/p>\n

    Poaching has been massively reducing the population of Nepal\u2019s Bengal tigers. The Himalayan Nation is a transit-point for traders in wildlife crime, between India and China. Traders target the region for tiger parts including skin, bones, teeth and others that are used for medicine-making and commodities in South-East Asia.<\/p>\n

    Nepal CBI found 15 pieces of evidence including 13 pieces of skin and 2 blood-stained knives from across the country.<\/p>\n

    Now, the initial challenge was to identify if the evidence they found belonged to tigers or not. Moreover, they needed leads to trap wildlife criminal networks involved in the act.<\/p>\n

    Only looking at the stripes on the skin couldn\u2019t reveal much, they needed more comprehensive clues. That\u2019s when they decided to put to use the Kathmandu-based research organization\u2019s tell-a-tale technology to use.<\/p>\n

    \u201cThey knew of our tiger DNA database, and they wanted to seek our help in identifying the species of seized parts and possibly track the origin of these putative tiger parts,\u201d said Dr Dibesh Karmacharya<\/span>, Director, Nepal Centre for Molecular Dynamics.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    What does the database contain?<\/strong>
    \nThe database is a DNA-based reference and contains the genetic and geographic information on 120 tigers, out of the 200 wild tigers in the country.<\/p>\n

    The database was developed over a period of two years, starting from 2011. Field Biologists and conservation genetics trekked the forests of Nepal\u2019s Terai region to collect the DNA.<\/p>\n

    \u201cAs we walked along trails in the jungle, we stopped every few minutes and stooped down to scoop any possible tiger faecal sample\u2014they look like beads,\u201d said Prajwol Manandhar<\/span>, Bioinformatics Specialist, CMDN.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \u201cWe analyzed 770 different fecal samples from Chitwan, Bardia [a.k.a. Bardiya], Shuklaphanta national parks and Parsa Wildlife Reserve, along with known wildlife corridors, to build individual DNA fingerprint profiles of 120 out of a total estimated 200 tigers living in Nepal,\u201d said Adarsh Man Sherchan<\/span>, one of the scientists in the project.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Until the new development, officials relied heavily on visual methods to keep a watch on tigers in Nepal\u2019s protected areas.<\/p>\n

    How did the database help the case?<\/strong>
    \nThe fecal matter contains each animal\u2019s nuclear DNA microsatellite genotype and sex data, which was matched with the species, sex and geographic location of the sample\u2019s origin, that the investigating officials had provided.<\/p>\n

    The results were outstanding, 15 of the samples provided revealed that they belonged to 10 males and five female tigers.<\/p>\n

    \u201cWe found out that all 15 samples were indeed from tigers\u201310 of the specimens were from male tigers and five from female,\u201d Manandhar said.<\/p>\n

    Using a methodical approach, scientists further found an exact match with individuals in their database and pinpointed the source population of the poached parts.<\/p>\n

    However, not all the samples belonged to Nepal<\/a>, it was found that five of the samples belonged to other countries.<\/p>\n

    Upon collecting the findings, Bardia\u2019s law enforcement officials were informed.<\/p>\n

    \u201cAfter we found this, we deployed special teams to track down the poachers and made some arrests,\u201d said Pravin Pokharel, an official working with the CBI during the investigation.<\/p>\n

    Following investigation, a nomadic group from Rajasthan was identified, monitored and ultimately stopped.<\/p>\n

    The DNA-research turned out to be extremely helpful and officials hope to use it for further cases.\"Nepal<\/a><\/p>\n

    Tiger Statistics in Nepal:<\/strong><\/p>\n